Alexis Alford is a Political Science student at the University of Alberta who recently published an article in the Political Science Undergraduate Review (PSUR). When interviewed about the experience, she said that she considers being published to be one of her “greatest achievements”. Read further to hear about Alexis’s research, her experience submitting to the PSUR, why she became part of the PSUR peer review team, and her advice for other students.
Introduce yourself (name, pronouns, program, name of paper, anything else interesting about you or your work)
“My name is Alexis Alford, my pronouns are she/her, I’m entering my fourth year of Political Science here at the U of A with a minor in Arts and Cultural Management, and I published with the PSUR last year, with my paper “Unmasking the Democratic Man: A Modern Application of Plato’s The Republic.””
What inspired you to research the specific topic of your paper?
“I started my paper back in September of 2020, and during that time the mask mandate was new, and it seemed like every other news article was about an anti-mask movement spokesperson or a protest that was happening that weekend. It kept coming up repeatedly in the media, so it was something that was kind of at the front of my mind, and I found myself with a lot of questions regarding the anti-mask movement and those that were participating in the movement. I was reading Plato’s Republic for Poli Sci 211, and we were reading where Plato describes different forms of governance, and the type of society that those different forms of governance create. When we got to democracy and Plato began describing the Democratic Man and the Democratic Society, I couldn’t help but notice clear similarities between the type of man Plato believed a democracy creates and those that were participating in the anti-mask movement. As I kept picking up on all of these similarities I decided to write a short op-ed for the class on it, and when I was done, I realized that there was so much more that I wanted to expand upon. So I ended up writing that paper in December as my final paper for the class, and once I was finished with the paper, I didn’t want to stop the research - so I decided to submit to the PSUR.”
What was the most interesting thing you learned from researching your paper?
“The most interesting part for me was the relevance of The Republic in our society now - because The Republic is thousands of years old, and so you’re not expecting it to be incredibly relevant, and yet there were distinct similarities throughout. Plato talks about the concept of ‘equality of thought’ that becomes prevalent in a democracy, where everyone has their voice heard - every vote matters, every voice is equal - and when you have a system set up that way, [the options of] those that are informed and those that are misinformed are equally weighted. We found that a lot in the anti-mask movement, where doctors and professionals that were advocating for the mask mandate were being challenged by those that believed it was ‘morally wrong’ or that it was ‘scientifically inaccurate’. The equality of thought was a big part of it for me.
Another aspect that I thought was quite interesting was when Plato discusses how, in a democracy, the democratic man will have no one above them in any way. So the government will try to tell them how to live their lives, or guide them in the right direction, because the Greeks believed that politics was a vehicle for change. Plato did not support democracy: he thought that you should be a philosopher, that you should be qualified to be in government; there should be some checks and balances in place. And so if no one is driving that vehicle for change, society stagnates,and a government’s job is to guide the vehicle towards the common good and towards a better life. The democratic man will not be guided anywhere. The democratic man will protest any change to their lifestyle, any imposition from the government - he will not stand anything being changed that is not of his free will. This results in a society where individual rights and freedoms are put far above the common good.
And we saw that in the mask mandate - it was a clear example where society needed to work together in order to combat a common ‘evil’ and go towards the common good. There were claims that this was an infringement on a constitutional right, on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms - that we as people cannot have this imposition put on us by the government. Plato said that with a democratic man, the moment that there is imposition there is protest in response, there is pushback in response. And we saw that almost immediately with the mask mandate, so I found that to be really fascinating - that a text that is thousands of years old can be so incredibly relevant and can apply in so many different aspects of one movement.”
What made you want to submit to the PSUR?
“The biggest deciding factor for me to submit to the PSUR was that I didn’t want the research to end. I didn’t want this paper to just be read by a professor and then be put away on my hard drive forever. And I knew that there was a lot of potential with the idea that I had, and it was new enough that there was no existing academic work in that area. I looked for existing literature comparing Plato’s Republic to the anti-mask movement, and there was a niche that was void, and it had to be filled. So I really wanted to be able to take my paper to the next level, see it be published, and see it contribute to academic literature in that way.
When I decided that was going to be the case, I took some time and amped up the paper a little bit - made it a bit longer because there was a word count limit on the class, and then I decided to submit it, just to see where the paper could go and how much more it could improve.”
What was the submission and peer-review process like for you?
“It challenged me a lot, but it was the type of challenge where I’m thinking in different ways and I’m considering different aspects of the paper that I wouldn’t have, had I not submitted to the PSUR. It challenged me to really think critically about my paper - think about all the counterarguments that could be made, solidify my voice in the paper, and take a hard stance on things. And it was definitely challenging, it’s hard to get that document back when it has a lot of mark-ups, but all of that pushed me to become a far better writer than I would have been without the process.
I had the support of the PSUR team the whole way - they were always available to answer any questions that I had; they were available to meet to talk about ways that I could strengthen and improve this paper so that by the time it reaches publication it’s the strongest it can be. Having that support from the journal was huge. It made the biggest difference for me. So while they were challenging me to think differently, to write differently, to push myself; they were there to cheer me on and help me with it the whole way.”
And what was the most valuable part of that process for you?
“The most valuable part was definitely the feedback I received from the peer-reviewers and copyeditors, because it wasn’t just feedback that was specific to that paper, it was feedback I could apply to all of the papers that I wrote after it. So as you’re learning different structures of a paper and how to better articulate your ideas and thoughts, and once your arguments become more solidified, you can utilize that in other papers, which is huge. So I did notice a huge improvement in my writing from before working with the PSUR and after. Because yes, of course it’s specific to that paper, but it’s universal enough that you can apply it to all your future work. So I would say that definitely that was the most valuable part. It also taught me how to better receive constructive criticism, because they are just looking to get you the best paper possible and they want to help you in that process. They really want to be there and see you do well - it’s hard to receive any form of criticism, but now I know how to take it and how to use it and how to make my papers even better, and that was huge.”
Can you touch on the time commitment of the submission process? How manageable was it for you?
“I found the time commitment to be very manageable, and it was at no point unrealistic. The journal works really well to not require extensive edits or changes around exam time - whether it’s midterms or finals. It was like adding another paper to the pile of papers that I had to do, but I wasn’t working from the ground up. It was edits and changes rather than entirely new ideas, so I could just do half an hour a day for a week and I would have my changes and edits done. The time commitment was something I was concerned about going in, but with the support of the journal, if I needed an extension they were able to give it to me, and I found that I wanted to work on this paper, I wanted to make it better, I wanted to give it the time that it needed, and it was like a break from all my other papers because it was fun, and I was getting to work on something that I was really proud of. So there is a slight time commitment but it’s not unmanageable or unreasonable, and it doesn’t feel like a big time commitment.”
You’re now a peer reviewer with the PSUR: how does it feel to be on the other side of things? And would you say that being published was kind of a stepping stone to other opportunities for you?
“Being a peer reviewer definitely helped me understand the publication process further, because going into my submission, I didn’t actually know what the academic publication process was like - it all felt very much like ‘behind the scenes’ and as a student, you just read the papers once you’re done. As an author, I got to see how the process works to better the author’s paper with each step, and now as a peer reviewer I’m understanding why you get the feedback in the order that you do, and how the journal works in order to produce the best papers that it can. I’m quite empathetic towards the authors, because I’ve been in those shoes so I understand how terrifying the vulnerability is when you do submit or when you do receive feedback from the journal, and so I love now that I have the opportunity to help other students - that I have the opportunity to assist them in bettering their papers and turning them into incredible authors and academics, and expanding their thinking. Being a part of that process and having received that feedback feels like I’m coming full circle - the PSUR helped me grow, and now I have the opportunity to help others grow, and still to learn from it. When I see the feedback that other peer reviewers or copy editors have given the paper, I can better my understanding of how to read the next one, or how to write my next paper. You’re still learning so much from these authors even through a blind review process. You can see something in a paper and think ‘I really love how they structured this argument, I can utilize this to help others structure their arguments, or I can utilize this in my next paper’. It’s a constant learning process, and there was definitely a learning curve through the publication process and now through the peer review process, but everyone has been incredibly supportive and it’s been a fantastic experience to come full circle and help others in the way that the journal helped me.”
What would you say to someone who is considering submitting their work to the PSUR?
“Go for it. You have nothing to lose, and it’s a blind review process at the beginning, so even if you don’t get selected for publication at the beginning, you’re still receiving valuable feedback from the peer reviewers, and you have the opportunity to re-submit later. Go for it - there really is nothing to lose and everything to gain, and the feeling of publication is unbelievable. And putting out something that you can be incredibly proud of and put your name to is an experience that not many people get to have, so we’re so fortunate to have this opportunity at the U of A with the PSUR - so utilize it. All that can happen is that you can become a better author.”